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Unveiling a Hidden Gem: The Discovery of a New Freshwater Red Algal Species (Sheathia meghalayensis Elaya Perumal & Palanisamy, 2026) in Meghalaya, India by Botanical Survey of India

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The Discovery of Sheathia meghalayensis   Elaya Perumal & Palanisamy, 2026 The world of phycology—the study of algae—just got a little more fascinating. While marine red algae dominate our coastal vocabulary, their freshwater counterparts, the Rhodophyta, represent an ancient and highly specialized evolutionary lineage. (Photo credit: Dr. U Elaya Perumal, Botanical Survey of India) In a paper published in Current Science , researchers U. Elaya Perumal and M. Palanisamy from the Botanical Survey of India announced a major taxonomic breakthrough: the discovery of a distinct, critically endangered freshwater red alga named Sheathia meghalayensis  Elaya Perumal & Palanisamy, 2026 . (Photo credit: Dr. U Elaya Perumal, Botanical Survey of India) The Background: Filling a Critical Gap in India’s Biodiversity Northeastern India is recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot, yet its freshwater macroalgae have historically lagged behind marine species in documentation. Prior su...

The comparison of various types of Woods (Porous Wood Vs Non-Porous Wood; Heartwood Vs Sap Wood ; Springwood Vs Autumn Wood)

The comparison of various types of Woods

Porous wood (Hardwood) Vs Non-porous wood (Softwood)

Porous wood (Hardwood)

Non-porous wood (Softwood)

(i) This wood is found in angiosperms

It is found in Gymnosperms.

(ii) Vessels are present.

Vessels do not present.

(iii) This wood is hard.

It is soft.

(iv) Xylem fibers are present.

Xylem fibers are rarely present.

(v) Vessels are more in porous wood.

Xylem tracheids are dense.

(vi) It is also called heteroxylous wood

It is called homozygous wood

 

Duramen (Heart-wood) Vs Alburnum (Sap wood)

Duramen (Heart-wood)

Alburnum (Sap wood)

(i) Duramen wood dark in colour.

Alburnum wood light in colour.

(ii) This wood does not conduct water.

Alburnum wood conducts the entire water.

(iii) In this wood, Tyloses are present.

In this wood, tyloses are not present.

(iv) It gives mechanical support to the plant.

It does not give mechanical support.

(v) It is present in the central part of the tree stem.

It is found in the outer part of the stem.

Duramen (Heart wood)

Alburnum (Sapwood)

 

Spring wood Vs Autumn wood

Spring wood

Autumn wood

(i) Springwood are generally light brown in Colour

Autumn woods are dark brown in colour.

(ii) In plants, its quantity is more.

In-plant, its quantity is less.

(iii) Its vessel are broad and with the large cavity.

Its vessels are small and with the narrow cavity.

(iv) It is made up in favorable conditions.

It is made up, in unfavorable conditions.

(v) It is produced from more activity of cambium.

It is produced from less activity of cambium.

(vi) In Springwood, the fiber are present less.

In Autumn wood, the fiber are present more.

Spring wood

Autumn wood

Porous Wood Vs Non-Porous Wood; Heartwood Vs Sap Wood ; Springwood Vs Autumn Wood

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